Acne Vulgaris

Hormonal changes during puberty lead to increased activity of sebaceous glands, resulting in excess production of sebum (oil). This blocks the openings of sebaceous glands on the skin surface and promotes the growth of harmful bacteria (Propionobacterium acnes). Infection and inflammation of sebaceous glands lead to acne.

If either of your parents had acne during their teenage years, you are more likely to have acne due to genetic predisposition.

Multiple applications on the face including over-the-counter topical corticosteroids and other comedogenic cosmetic preparations may also cause and aggravate acne.

An unhealthy lifestyle, including improper sleep, a carbohydrate-rich diet (junk food), and lack of exercise, is also an important contributing factor.

Improper cleansing, sleeping with makeup on, and picking or popping pimples are also faulty habits that lead to acne.

If you have irregular menses, weight gain, and excessive body hair along with acne, a complete hormonal workup is a must to exclude Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD).

Consult your dermatologist early. Waiting to outgrow acne can be a serious mistake, as medical treatment can improve your appearance and prevent pigmentation and scarring.

Treatment

Treatment includes topical creams and gels for mild acne, and oral medications for moderate to severe acne.

• Topical creams: Clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide, and retinoid preparations.
• Oral medications: Antibiotics such as Azithromycin and Doxycycline, systemic retinoids, and sometimes anti-inflammatory medicines like zinc and Vitamin C.
• Hormonal therapy: May be prescribed for severe, intractable cases of acne with PCOD.
• Pigmentation treatment: Creams containing 10–15% Azelaic acid, Hydroquinone, and Kojic acid.

Key Points

• Consult early to prevent scarring.
• Look for associated features like excess body hair, irregular periods, baldness.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle.